A virus that is transmitted from one person to another, by close contact with bodily secretions

Symptoms will vary, depending on the area of the body that is infected. There are two known types of herpes simple virus (HSV): HSV-1 and HSV-2. Traditionnaly, it has been thought that HSV-1 causes infections “above the belt”, such as cold sores on the mouth; HSV-2 was thought to only cause genital infections. However, either virus can infect any area of the body that is covered by a “mucous membrane”, such as the skin found in the mouth, rectum, eyes, throat, vagina.

First time infections are very painful, and there are small, red ulcers. If the infection is deep enough, the only symptom will be the pain, as the ulcers would not be visible. People also get “systemic” symptoms with the first infection, such as fever, as one would with any other viral infection. Secondary herpes is so-called because it is a reactivation of herpes that is lying dormant in the nerve cells. These virii are re-activated at times of stress, and therefore lower immunity, and they tend to be less painful than the first-time, or primary, infections

Other symptoms include painful urination, painful intercourse.

Ulcers, painful urination

Ulcers, painful defecation (bowel movements)

“Cold sores” on the lips, as well as in the mouth, the throat. In people whose immune systems are weak, such as those infected with HIV who have progressed to AIDS, or receiving chemotherapy for cancer, the infection can extend far into the throat, causing painful swallowing,

Painful, red eye.

A physician can take a sample from an open ulcer and stain it with special chemicals, and make the diagnosis by examining under the microscope.

There is no cure for herpes. However, there are treatments available that can limit the number of recurrences. Your physician can discuss these treatments with you. Herpes is transmitted in bodily fluids, and while this is most likely when one has open ulcers, the virus can also be present without any other symptoms.

In addition, the open ulcers provide an entry way for other infections including HIV.

Do not engage in oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse with anyone who has ulcers. Use condoms. Do not share drinks or utensils with others who have cold sores.